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🥞 OSI vs TCP/IP Model
Every networking course starts with the OSI model. Then you get into real-world TCP/IP and realize the layers do not quite match. This reference shows OSI seven layers and TCP/IP four layers side by side, with the protocols and devices that operate at each level.
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Examples
Mapping
Output
OSI App/Presentation/Session = TCP/IP Application · OSI Transport = Transport · OSI Network = Internet · OSI Data Link/Physical = Network AccessFrequently asked questions
Why does OSI have 7 layers if TCP/IP only has 4?
OSI was an idealized academic model designed before TCP/IP became dominant. TCP/IP is what the internet actually runs on. The OSI layers are still useful vocabulary for networking concepts.
About this calculator
OSI vs TCP/IP Model runs entirely in your browser using standard formulas. No data is sent to any server. We don't share your inputs with lenders, brokers, or anyone else — there's no funnel and no follow-up email.
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- 📨 HTTP Headers Reference — Searchable reference of HTTP request and response headers.
Why this tool
vs typical free network-tools sites
| NetToolset | Typical free site | |
|---|---|---|
| Price | Free | Free |
| Signup required | No | Often (for advanced features) |
| Ads inside the tool | No | Yes (banner + interstitial) |
| Logs your IP / queries | No | Yes (often resold) |
| Data sent to a server | Math runs in browser; lookups hit Cloudflare DoH directly | Yes (all goes through their server) |
| Open source | Yes | No |
| Bookmarkable URL per tool | Yes | Mixed |
| Multilingual | EN / ES / PT / FR / DE | Usually EN only |
| Loads in under 1s | Yes (static) | Often slow (ad tracking) |